Parasitism as a form of existence was created on Earth for a long time, starting with ancient protozoa and unicellular microorganisms.Humanity faces various parasites from the very beginning of existence, but through the millennia of the coexistence of parasites, parasites did not become "smarter" and more perfect for their actions.Parasites can cause irreparable damage to health, to develop difficult disability or death.But they mention the words "parasites", everyone basically thinks about worms, although this expression is much expanding.We will talk in more detail in parasites.
Parasites: Who are they?
Parasites are unicellular or multi-slip organisms living on the body of their owner or within it (in the bodies or cells).They usually are much lower in size from predatory fauna representatives, have the opportunity to quickly multiply and survive in difficult conditions.They eat at the detriment of their owner, while harming him.This differ from the Simbionate - organisms living within their owner and benefit from it.
Many parasites, except for damage, are also able to convey dangerous diseases.Examples are mosquitoes that carry malaria and ticks carrying tick-encephalitis and borreliosis.
The size of the parasites differ significantly - from microscopic ones, which can only be seen in a microscope, on worms, reaching up to 10 m or more.Parasites use different owners' resources - these are carbohydrates or proteins, fats, as well as minerals or vitamins to grow and develop.In the human body, the parasite can pass one or all phases of the life cycle - the middle or finale.The evaporated manifestations will depend on.
Most parasites have microscopic sizes, they are hard to detect them.But some types of parasitic worms can form cysts the size of the child's head or reach a few meters.
Sorts of parasitism
There are several types of parasitism.They depend on the parasite habitat in the human body:
Endoparasites.They live in the body of the owner, typical representatives are Helminths (or worms).They can live in guts, body cavities.Inner or intercellular parasites affect certain body tissues.These include bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoac.
Special conditions require special conditions for the spread of endoparasites, and sometimes carriers.Organisms that lead them into constant habitats.For example, for malaria carrier will be a mosquito.
Exoparaziti.These organisms live on the surface of the owner's body, eating their biological media for bite.Typical representatives are ears, fleas, mosquitoes, ticks.
Epiparasites.They are parased on other parasites by forming super-parasitism.Thus, flea feeding blood animals or people have protozoa in the intestines - parasites that live already in the body of the insects themselves.
Types of human parasites
Although viruses, fungi and bacteria also harm the person in his body, they are considered separately as pathogenic infectious diseases.Real parasites people include:
Protozoa.These are one-language organisms that can only share owners inside the body.Examples are Dizentry Amoeba, malarijska plasmium or chlamydia.
Helminths.These are parasitic worms of different types - flat, strips, rounds and others.
Parasitic insects.This group includes lice, fleas, ticks, mosquitoes.
As a parasitic infection appears.
One of the unpleasant facts is that they are not all parasitic infections typical symptoms.So, if the insects and ears are relatively simple, then it is not always possible to determine the presence of worms or protozoas without special analyzes.Sometimes manifestations resemble bronchitis or pneumonia, hormonal imbalance, an allergy or food poisoning.Some parasites, upholstered in guts or abdominal cavities, provoke abdominal pain, hypovitaminosis or cholecystitis.Among the lowest symptoms, experts differ:
- Rashes on the skin, spots, bubbles, itching or bruising.
- Increasing appetite or its suppression, weight loss.
- Diarrhea and vomiting, various types of abdominal pain.
- Anemia (reduction of hemoglobin or red blood cells).
- Sleep disorders - insomnia or severe drowsiness.
- Joint, muscles, skin.
- Allergic reactions that have not previously existed.
- General Malase, weakness, irritability.
- Periodic temperatures to high numbers or constant sub-fever.
However, these same manifestations are typical for many other, non-diseases, so, therefore, the diagnosis can confirm the disclosure of the parasite, eggs or antibodies on the blood.
Important!There are often no symptoms for a long time, they can appear after stress or infection, with the spread of parasites to the "critical mass".Meanwhile, many parasitic diseases are infected, and a person, no doubt, does not infect others.This is especially probable if you ignore the elemental hygiene rules.
How are parasites spreading?
Depending on the type of parasite, the paths of its expansion may vary.Transfer the simplest, who lives in the guts of a person, in another person, usually happens fecally orally route (for example, through infected foods or water), with close contacts from people to person.The simplest, who live in the blood or tissues of people, are transferred to other people through insects (for example, through mosquito bite or sandy flies).
Many Helminthe in adulthood can't multiply in people.People can be the ultimate masters - adults live in them or middle - larvae live in them.Eggs or larvaes are transmitted from dirty hands, infected foods or water, dust particles raised into the air.In addition, parasites can fall with infected fish, meat and bird in which the larvae is traded.
Ectoparasites - ears and scabs, are transferred to the contact with communication and close contacts with infected children or adults.Arthropods are important not only as provoking diseases in themselves, but even more important as carriers of serious diseases - malaria, Tifus Rash, type Encephalitis, etc.
Parasitic infections are caused by a huge number of diseases in tropics and subtopia, as well as in a moderate climate.Of all parasitic diseases, malaria is the cause of most death in the world.About 660,000 people die a year from malaria, most of which are young children.
How to recognize parasites?
Of course, if these are pubic or head ears, cats or pinworms that parents find in baby pot - diagnosis is already clear, you just need to be treated.But most parasites should first identify, determine exactly who it is, and only then to choose treatment that will be effective and safe.
Various types of laboratory tests are available today to diagnose parasitic diseases.The type of study that will prescribe the present doctor depends on your symptoms and complaints, any other diseases that you can have and travel history abroad or by country.The diagnosis can be complicated, so the doctor can prescribe not only tests, but also additional procedures.List of some frequently used tests that the doctor can be prescribed when diagnosing the parasites:
Station study for disclosing parasites or their eggs.The analysis is used to identify parasites that cause diarrhea, liquid or water chairs, stomach cramps, bloating and other diseases of the abdominal cavity.It is recommended to explore three or more samples of chairs collected some days.
Blood tests for antibodies to parasites, urine tests, blood crops and some other tests depending on the alleged diagnosis.Some, but not all, parasitic infections can be found when analyzing blood.However, in this case, blood for a particular parasitic infection will be examined;There is no blood test that will determine all parasitic infections.The doctor may prescribe two main types of blood tests:
Serology.This test is used to search for antibodies or anti-parasites that are produced when the body is infected with a parasite, and the immune system is trying to fight the conquerors.
Blood spoiling.This test is used to identify parasites found in the blood.Looking at the smear of blood under a microscope, it is possible to diagnose parasitic diseases, such as frillation, malaria or babusose.This test is done by placing a drop of blood on a microscope glass in question.Then the glass object is painted and examined under a microscope.
In addition to tests, the doctor may prescribe other studies.Endoscopy is used to detect parasites that cause diarrhea, liquid or water chairs, abdominal cramps, bloating and other symptoms from the abdominal cavity.It is used when the chair study does not reveal the cause of your diarrhea.During the procedure in the mouth (endoscopy) or rectum (colonoscopy), the camera with the camera and background light is introduced so that the doctor can examine the hoses.This test requires parasites or other anomalies that can cause unpleasant symptoms.
X-ray images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), calculated axial tomography (Cat).These tests are used to search for some parasitic diseases that can cause authorities.
How to treat yourself?
When the correct diagnosis is known, it is already easier to choose treatment.Almost all parasitic diseases are cured today.However, treatment Helminthiasis is multifunctional and will separate time from the patient.
In the first phase, the body should be prepared and cleaned from accumulated toxins.The patient is prescribed sorbent.Cleaning the body toxin takes at least five days.
In the second phase, antelmontic agents prescribe the patient.It is better if the medicine chose individually for a certain type of parasite.Treatment is done on two courses.The first course will kill adults for Helminthe in the human body.After 10-14 days, adult worms will be replaced with a new one who will get out of layered eggs.The second course will kill new individuals.
In the third phase, the digestive tract, liver and immune system is renewed.The patient is a prescribed course of sorbents, and after taking drugs that help in the digestive tract.Polivitamins are added at the same time.
Sometimes the disease can be launched or have a special form, which requires surgical intervention.Thus, for example, in the presence of echo-chains in the liver, kidney or lungs, they will only remove their help.
The doctor is selected the entire course of drug treatment and other proceedings, based on the diagnosis, age and severity of the patient.